How thinking goes wrong

clipped from www.positiveatheism.org How Thinking Goes Wrong Twenty-five Fallacies That Lead Us to Believe Weird Things 1. Theory Influences Observations 2. The Observer Changes the Observed 3. Equipment Constructs Results 4. Anecdotes Do Not Make a Science 5. Scientific Language Does Not Make a Science 6. Bold Statements Do Not Make Claims True 7. Heresy Does Not Equal Correctness 8. Burden of Proof 9. Rumors Do Not Equal Reality 10. Unexplained Is Not Inexplicable 11. Failures Are Rationalized 12. After-the-Fact Reasoning 13. Coincidence 14. Representativeness 15. Emotive Words and False Analogies 16. Ad Ignorantiam 17. Ad Hominem and Tu Quoque 18. Hasty Generalization 19. Overreliance on Authorities 20. Either-Or 21. Circular Reasoning 22. Reductio ad Absurdum and the Slippery Slope 23. Effort Inadequacies and the Need for Certainty, Control, and Simplicity 24. Problem-Solving Inadequacies 25. Ideological Immunity, or the Planck Problem